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Critical infrastructure airspace monitoring

Critical infrastructure airspace monitoring

  • Counter-UAS Science: Radio Detection Systems
    Counter-UAS Science: Radio Detection Systems
    Jul 08, 2025
    I,Overview           In this paper, the terms "UAV", "low-small-slow", "low-slow-small", and "rotary-wing UAV" are all used to refer to consumer rotary-wing low-altitude aerial vehicles, as opposed to military high-altitude, high-mobility aerial vehicles.These refer to consumer rotary-wing low-altitude vehicles, which are different from military high-altitude, high-mobility vehicles.At present, in the field of security control for low-altitude rotary-wing aircraft, the most widely used should be the radio detection system, and the industry is often called other names such as "passive radar", "radio listening equipment", "electromagnetic wave detection system", "electromagnetic wave detection system", "electromagnetic wave detection system", "electromagnetic wave detection system", "electromagnetic wave detection system", "electromagnetic wave detection system", "electromagnetic wave detection system".Electromagnetic wave detection system", "spectrum detection system", in this article all refer to the same product.Radio detection systems are generally composed of a data processing host plus a number of antennas in various forms.The main working principle is to receive electromagnetic waves in the air and detect whether there is a communication signal between the rotary-wing UAV and the remote control to determine whether there is a target in the defense zone.   Second, the principle of technology           As most of the rotary wing UAVs always maintain wireless communication with the remote control during flight, they continuously transmit radio waves in all directions in the air, which are generally distinguished into remote control signals and map transmission signals according to the type of data, i.e., a series of control instructions sent by the remote control to the vehicle or a series of state parameters sent back by the vehicle, which are generally discontinuous and not regularly followed.This kind of signal is generally discontinuous and not regular.Graphic signals, on the other hand, are signals that the vehicle continuously transmits video streams captured by its own camera to the remote controller, which are continuous and have more distinctive signal characteristics.           Mainstream commercial drones use certain radio frequency bands in accordance with international standards, and the current stage of development of the technology allows the coding method to have a certain pattern that can be analyzed. Therefore, when professional radio detection equipment receives a specific radio signal, it can quickly detect most of the mainstream drones in the defense zone according to the above characteristics.           This kind of equipment has very many advantages, due to the smaller volume limit, can use more advanced antenna than the drone bigger, detection distance is far, according to the user's site environment requirements defense range ranging from 1 to 10 km, and the fastest in the drone or the remote control can detect the target of the moment of power on, the early warning of the timeliness of the very good, and the price is relatively inexpensive, the use of the more widely.           The detection system is composed of radio modules, each module can only cover a certain radio frequency band, conventional radio detection system manufacturers in order to maintain the cost advantage, usually in the common two drone frequency band 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz detection, give up the other relatively cold radio frequency band, this strategy solves the vast majority of drone aerial photography enthusiasts unintentionally brought the intrusion of the threat of confidentiality.This strategy solves the intrusion or confidentiality threat unintentionally posed by most drone aerial photographers.           If you encounter some counter-surveillance capabilities of the ulterior motive, after modification, the drone remote control signals and mapping signals into a relatively cold band, the user needs to use a wider coverage, more technologically advanced equipment for detection, such as the use of more modules, or wider bandwidth of the product.Our company can provide users with up to 8 frequency bands detection system, covering most of the frequency points between 70MHz~6GHz radio frequency band, effectively protect the security of highly sensitive areas.   Third, product features   Radio detection system is a passive receiving detection system, itself does not emit any electromagnetic wave signals, the surrounding electromagnetic environment does not have an impact, very efficient and safe.Due to the absence of mechanical moving parts, the user 24 hours a day, 7 * 24 hours running on the service life of the impact is not great.Through the technical means of targeted extraction of a specific code of the radio signal, can be very accurate to determine the existence of the target, the real target and interference signals to distinguish between the stronger technical strength of the manufacturers, but also through the radio to identify the body of the UAV code targeted distinction between a number of different drones, pre-recorded "white listThe pre-recorded "whitelist" can screen their own drones as well as "black flight" drones, so as to achieve the purpose of realizing effective airspace security without affecting the normal operation of drones.     Deficiencies of the radio detection system           The passive reception characteristic of the radio detection system has also become a deficiency in special scenarios.Modern UAVs are equipped with very advanced positioning functions, which can be used to carry out high-precision positioning through GPS, GLONASS and China's Beidou system, and have the functions of waypoint flight and fixed-point flight.If a person with ulterior motives carries out destructive activities or illegal behaviors through this function, the entire process does not use manual remote control, only through the preset instructions to the designated location or according to the designated trajectory of the flight, the flight does not emit any electromagnetic wave, the drone is in the state of radio silence, then the radio detection system is unable to detect the drone, the early-warning function will not work.     V. Scenario Analysis of Radio Detection Systems           Since China is a big country of consumer rotary-wing drones, drone users are very common, and some drone users lack safety awareness, do not know how to report the flight plan to the official in advance, and the no-fly zone labeling in the flight APP is not comprehensive enough, so they unintentionally invade the sensitive and high-risk area in aerial photography, or they know that it is a warning area, but do not know the seriousness of the consequences, and fly into it because of their curiosity.The following are some of the reasons why you should not fly into these areas               Even if they belong to the "black flight", they will not deliberately hide their whereabouts, the protected area such as the installation of a radio detection system will be effective in detecting the presence of drones in the nearby airspace, and timely safety warnings will be given to the management personnel in the key areas to dissuade the drone users from the area.Key scenarios such as party, government and military core protection areas, major security activities, key energy protection areas, prisons and detention centers, land bordering ports anti-smuggling and so on, are all for radio detection systems to play an important role in the arena.
  • Drone Detection: Spectrum Radio Detection Equipment Technology in Detail
    Drone Detection: Spectrum Radio Detection Equipment Technology in Detail
    Jul 25, 2025
            Spectrum radio detection equipment technology in drone detection is a complex and critical technology that focuses on detecting and identifying drones by analyzing signals in the radio spectrum. The following is a detailed analysis of the technology: I. Technical principles           Spectrum detection technology: This technology identifies, measures and locates radio signals by analyzing the distribution and characteristics of signals in the frequency domain. In UAV detection, spectrum detection technology is mainly used to monitor and analyze the radio signals in the air in real time, so as to obtain the spectrum characteristics related to UAVs, such as frequency points and modulation methods.             Drone detection technology: drone detection technology combines a variety of sensors and signal processing algorithms to achieve effective monitoring and identification of drones by analyzing the spectral characteristics of drone communication and control signals. Spectrum radio detection equipment is the core means of realizing this technology.           The radio detection equipment adopts high gain and wide airspace communication signal detection antenna to complete the monitoring of electromagnetic spectrum within the frequency range of 300MHz-6000MHz and the rapid capture of target signals, and utilizes identification processing algorithms, weak time-frequency feature extraction and other technologies to carry out signal characterization, realize the reconnaissance and direction finding of UAV remote control and map transmission signals, realize target classification and identification, and complete the target Discovery, early warning and identification of targets.           With built-in protocol parsing algorithm, the product is capable of detecting the longitude, dimension, altitude, serial number, and remote control (pilot) position information of mainstream UAVs.   II. Composition and function of equipment           High-sensitivity receivers: UAV spectrum radio detection equipment is usually equipped with high-sensitivity receivers that can receive and process weak radio signals. These receivers are the key components to realize high-precision detection.           Spectrum analyzer: The spectrum analyzer in the equipment is used for in-depth analysis of the received signals, including the measurement of the signal's frequency, bandwidth, power and other key parameters. By analyzing these parameters, the device can identify specific signals related to the UAV.           Signal Processing Technology: The device utilizes advanced digital signal processing algorithms to filter, amplify, and demodulate the collected signals in order to extract useful information. These techniques help to enhance the sensitivity of the signal, suppress noise interference, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio and recognition of the signal.   III. Core Technology Applications           FFT algorithm: the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm plays an important role in UAV spectrum radio detection equipment. It can convert time domain signals into frequency domain signals and realize the spectrum analysis of the signals. By performing the FFT transform on the acquired signals, the equipment can obtain the spectral distribution map of the signals, and then identify and analyze the spectral characteristics of UAV communication and control signals.             TDOA+AOA hybrid localization system: this localization system combines two localization methods, Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Angle of Arrival (AOA), to achieve precise positioning of UAVs. TDOA determines the position of UAVs by measuring the time difference of the signals arriving at multiple receiving stations, while AOA aids in the localization by measuring the angle of incidence of the signals arriving at the receiving stations. This hybrid localization system has the advantages of high scene adaptability and high localization accuracy.   Advantages and characteristics of the technology           High sensitivity and wide frequency band coverage: UAV spectrum radio detection equipment has high sensitivity characteristics and can detect weak radio signals. At the same time, the equipment also adopts multi-channel receivers or tunable filters and other technologies to realize comprehensive coverage and monitoring of signals in different frequency bands.           Fast Response and Real-time: With a short start-up time and fast processing speed, the equipment is able to monitor and analyze airborne signals in real-time. This helps to respond quickly when a drone appears, improving the real-time and accuracy of drone detection.           All-weather, all-day, all-round monitoring: the device is suitable for complex electromagnetic and climatic environments, and is not affected by factors such as lightning, hazy weather, and night vision. It can realize 7*24 hours 360° omni-directional real-time monitoring, ensuring the continuity and reliability of drone detection.   V. Application prospects           With the continuous development and popularization of UAV technology, UAV detection spectrum radio detection equipment has shown broad application prospects in a number of fields. Including but not limited to the following aspects:   Military defense: for discovering and locating enemy UAV activities, improving military intelligence collection and battlefield situational awareness.   Aerospace: to ensure the reliability and safety of UAV reconnaissance, satellite communication and other missions.   Public safety: Monitor and manage no-fly zones for drones in areas such as large-scale events and important places.   Spectrum management: help relevant departments to effectively manage and monitor spectrum resources to prevent interference from illegal devices such as drones.           In summary, the spectrum radio detection equipment technology in drone detection is a technical means of great significance. It realizes the effective detection and identification of drones through real-time monitoring and analysis of the radio spectrum, and provides strong support for applications in many fields.

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